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Compendium
Compendium
Chapter 2
Permafrost Landscapes and Freshwater Systems in a Changing North: Towards an Integrated Understanding
Abstract

Climate-driven changes to the cryosphere–a key part of the earth’s climate system—are having unprecedented impacts well beyond northern regions (AMAP, 2011; AMAP, 2021). In the Arctic and Subarctic, permafrost, snow and freshwater ice dominate the terrestrial landscape and are host to unique and interconnected habitats and ecosystems. Changes to the cryosphere are impacting these environments directly, while changing the physical, biogeochemical, and biological linkages between them (Vincent et al., 2011). Climate warming is being further exacerbated by the albedo effect associated with diminishing snow and ice (Barry, 2022) as well as the release of greenhouse gases from large quantities of organic carbon stored in northern permafrost (Schuur et al., 2015).

Keywords: Cryosphere, Permafrost, Warming, Thermokarst, Greenhouse gases, Microbiome, Groundwater, High arctic lakes, Optical detection